Ammonia sources of PM2.5 ammonium in winter Beijing (IMAGE)

Science China Press

Ammonia sources of PM2.5 ammonium in winter Beijing

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Combustion-related ammonia emissions, including fossil fuel sources, ammonia slip, and biomass burning, are important sources of aerosol ammonium with more than 60% contribution occurring on heavily polluted days. In contrast, volatilization-related ammonia sources (livestock breeding, N-fertilizer application, and human waste) are dominant on clean days.

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