Mechanisms of rifaximin in treating Hepatic encephalopathy (IMAGE)
Caption
Rifaximin improves the gut microenvironment by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria while increasing probiotic bacteria. It inhibits the translocation of bacteria from the mouth to the intestine and decreases the population of mucus-degrading species and ammonia-producing bacteria within the gut. By strengthening epithelial tight junctions, rifaximin reduces intestinal permeability, thereby enhancing resistance to bacterial attachment and internalization. Additionally, it exerts anti-inflammatory effects via the NF-κB signaling pathway and decreases endotoxin levels in the blood. This figure was created with BioRender.com. HE, hepatic encephalopathy; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; PXR, pregnane X receptor; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; IL-10, interleukin-10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; ↑, increase; ↓, descrease.
Credit
Huiguo Ding
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License
CC BY-NC