Figure 1. (IMAGE)
Caption
(A) Diagram of a bivalve ctenidium with a homorhabdic structure composed of ordinary filaments, as observed using video endoscopy (orientation: ventral foreground and dorsal background). The ctenidium is inserted between the LP to the right, and particles trapped in a cohesive mucus string are being transported toward the palps in the ventral groove (VG). Offset panel shows a cross section of two ordinary filaments, three major ciliary tracts (F = frontal, LF = laterofrontal, and L = lateral), and particle movement at the time of capture. (B) Representation of bivalves that possess small laterofrontal cilia (e.g., scallops), creating a smaller area of hydrodynamic particle entrainment (dashed oval), resulting in lower CE for small particles. (C) Representation of bivalves that possess larger laterofrontal cirri (e.g., mussels), creating a larger area of hydrodynamic particle entrainment (dashed oval), resulting in higher CE for small particles (see Ward et al. 1998 for full explanation). Arrows show the direction of water flow across and between filaments. Open circles represent particles before and after being captured by the filaments. Figures adapted after Ward (1996) and Ward et al. (1998).
Credit
Maria Rosa, J. Evan Ward, Sandra E. Shumway
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