The forecasting framework based on the gSTFNet. (IMAGE)
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The ERA5 data for the past hour is first input into the weather foundation model to generate forecasts for the next Tf hours. These forecasts are then cropped to focus on a specific local region. In addition, recent lightning observation data over the past Tp hours for the forecasting region is incorporated. Finally, the gSTFNet is used to integrate these inputs and generate lightning forecasts for the next Tf hours. The gSTFNet consists of four parts: the WFM data encoder (Module I), the observation encoder (Module II), the gated spatiotemporal fusion module (Module III), and the forecasting decoder (Module IV).
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