Influence of intestinal microbiota on tumor microenvironment. (IMAGE)
Caption
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota compromises intestinal mucosal barrier function, primarily characterized by downregulation of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells, consequently increasing intestinal permeability. This enhanced permeability facilitates the translocation of potentially pathogenic bacteria into intestinal tissues, initiating inflammatory cascades that promote tumor proliferation and microvascular remodeling. Concurrently, increased lactate levels in the intestinal microenvironment contribute to tumor proliferation and induce the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells, further fostering a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Probiotic intervention has the potential to restore intestinal homeostasis, as evidenced by enhanced tight junctions between intestinal cells, increased goblet cell populations, and mucosal layer repair. In the tumor microenvironment, this intervention results in a reduction of regulatory T cells, attenuation of pro-inflammatory factors, augmentation of CD8+ T cell activity, and diminished presence of various myeloid-derived suppressor cell subtypes. These orchestrated changes synergistically modulate the microenvironment, culminating in the suppression of tumor growth.
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Qinglong Xu
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