Schematic illustration of PSB@MC preparation and potential therapeutic mechanisms. (IMAGE)
Caption
Pterostilbene (PSB) was homogeneously dispersed in alginate (Alg) and resistant starch (RS) solution before PSB@Alg/RS droplets were generated using microfluidic electrospray technology. Thereafter, the PSB@Alg/RS droplets were collected in a CaCl2 solution to quickly harden the microcapsules by cross-linking Ca2+ with Alg. The PSB@Alg/RS microcapsules were coated with another CS shell layer using electrostatic interactions between chitosan (CS) and Alg to create PSB@MC. PSB@MC degrades in alkaline environments but is stable in acidic ones. Therefore, oral PBS@MC can easily reach colonic sites and degrade to Alg, RS, and PS in the gut. PSB@MC can remodel the intestinal microenvironment and repair the intestinal barrier through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and modulation of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. PSB and microbiota metabolites (indole and its derivatives) are highly adaptive ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) that activate the AHR/IL-22 pathway and exert a combined intestinal barrier-repairing effect.
Credit
Huanyu Li, Ziwei Yang, Chuanyu Zhang, et al.
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License
CC BY-NC-ND