The SUMO catalytic cycle (IMAGE)
Caption
The diagram illustrates the SUMOylation pathway, including its key steps: maturation, activation, conjugation, ligation, and de-modification. The process begins with SUMO precursors undergoing maturation by SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs). Activated SUMO proteins are transferred to the E1 enzyme (SAE1-SAE2 heterodimer) in an ATP-dependent process. Subsequently, the activated SUMO is handed over to the E2 enzyme (Ubc9) through conjugation. E3 ligases then facilitate the transfer of SUMO from Ubc9 to the lysine residue of target proteins, forming an isopeptide bond. Finally, SENPs catalyze deSUMOylation to reverse the modification, ensuring dynamic regulation of protein function
Credit
Wiktoria Dubanosow, Bartosz Lenda, Marta Żebrowska-Nawrocka, Dagmara Szmajda-Krygier, Rafał Świechowski, Ewa Balcerczak
Usage Restrictions
Credit must be given to the creator. Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted. No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted.
License
CC BY-NC-ND