Figure 2. Luminescence mechanism and research applications of FPs. (IMAGE)

Nanjing Agricultural University The Academy of Science

Figure 2. Luminescence mechanism and research applications of FPs.

Caption

(A) FPs emit light via chromophore structural transformations and energy transitions. The chromophore forms through autocatalytic cyclization, dehydration, and oxidation of internal amino acids. Upon light absorption at specific wavelengths, chromophore electrons transition from the ground to excited state, followed by fluorescence emission via radiative decay. (B-G) Research applications of FPs include (B) Subcellular localization by fusion with target proteins (TPs). (C) Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays using split-complementation. (D) Monitoring cell-specific expression patterns. (E) Labeling exogenous gene transfer. (F) Tracing cellular dynamics during development. (G) Tracking disease progression in cell transplantation studies. Abbreviations: FP, fluorescent protein; MP, marker protein; TP, target protein.

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