Figure 1. Mechanism for achieving high-efficiency emission of localized excitons through charge neutralization via thermal annealing (IMAGE)

Institute for Basic Science

Figure 1. Mechanism for achieving high-efficiency emission of localized excitons through charge neutralization via thermal annealing

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Before annealing, an interfacial water layer acts as a dielectric barrier, allowing excess electrons to remain and promoting nonradiative pathways such as trion (X⁻) formation. After annealing, the removal of the water layer enables free electrons to transfer to the gold substrate, resulting in charge neutralization. This allows excitons to funnel into the nanohole center and form localized excitons (Xₗ), leading to highly efficient light emission.

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Institute for Basic Science

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