From design to device: ultrathin and ultrastrong bioelectronic membranes (IMAGE)
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a, Schematic illustration of the network reconfiguration induced by tannic acid treatment. b, Microstructures of the hydrogel networks before and after tannic acid treatment. c, The improvement of fracture energy and ultimate tensile strength by tannic acid treatment. d, Photograph of wafer-fabricated electronics integrated on an ultrathin hydrogel membrane. e, Schematic illustrations of representative implantable applications of the ultrathin hydrogel bioelectronic membranes, including a brain–machine interface (BMI) for electrocorticography (ECoG) and seizure recording, and a peripheral nerve interface (PNI) for electrical stimulation and CMAP recording.
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