Protective effects of three herbal extracts on mitochondrial dysfunction in VPS13C-knockdown SH-SY5Y cells: implications for Parkinson’s disease (IMAGE)
Caption
Figure 6. Protective effects of herbal extracts on TPA-differentiated dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells with VPS13C knockdown. In brief, SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated using TPA, infected with lentiviral shRNA, and treated with the herbal extracts. (A) Cell protein (VPS13C, SOD1, SOD2, NRF2, PGC-1α, BCL2, and BAX) expression, (B) MMP, (C) mitochondrial O2●− content (MitoSOX staining; red), (D) mitochondrial mass (NAO staining; green), and (E) mtDNA content (qPCR) were measured on day 8 (n = 3). For normalization, the relative levels of VPS13C, SOD1, SOD2, NRF2, PGC-1α, BCL2, BAX, mitochondrial O2●−, mitochondrial mass, and mtDNA in scrambled shRNA-infected cells were set to 100%. Cell nuclei were counterstained with (C) DAPI or (D) Hoechst 33342 (blue). Data, presented as means ± SDs, were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001, compared with scrambled shRNA-treated cells, or *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, compared with cells not treated with any herbal extract.
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