Fig. 1 (IMAGE)

The University of Osaka

Fig. 1

Caption

Schematic setup of the experiment. (a) Multilayer (4-, 8-, and 16-layer) LSG is irradiated with (b) the LFEX laser with an intensity of 1×1019 W cm−2 with normal incidence. The accelerated ions are diagnosed with (c) a CR-39 stack detector, (d) a Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS), and (e) an electron and ion spectrometer (EISM). (f) The CR-39 sheet in the TPS for the 4-layer LSG is analyzed with the aid of a convolutional neural network (CNN) after 2 h of chemical etching. (g) The pit-size distribution exhibits two peaks. The blue and red shaded regions indicate the pit-size ranges associated with proton (Q/M= 1) and heavier-ion (Q/M ≤ 1/2) tracks identified in the TPS, respectively. Etch pits of protons and heavier ions identified by the CNN are indicated with blue and red squares, in (h) and (i), respectively.

Credit

2026, Takumi Minami et al., Proton surfing acceleration via propagating electrostatic waves induced by intense laser irradiation on large-area suspended graphene, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

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