Candidate gene identification at the SDR boundaries and functional assessment of VmBASS4. (IMAGE)

Nanjing Agricultural University The Academy of Science

Candidate gene identification at the SDR boundaries and functional assessment of VmBASS4.

Caption

Candidate gene identification at the SDR boundaries and functional assessment of VmBASS4. (A) Structural variant landscape of the sexdetermining region (SDR) between ChrB02 and ChrA02. Two proteincoding genes flank the SDR boundaries on ChrB02: Vm205799 (VmBASS4.2) at the 5′ end and Vm205800 (VmCET2.2) at the 3′ end, with their ChrA02linked homologous alleles Vm105749 (VmBASS4.1) and Vm105751 (VmCET2.1) indicated. The inverted repeat elements IRB2, IRB1, and IRA are labeled, highlighting their asymmetric positioning relative to VmBASS4 across the two haplotypes. (B) Heatmap of genepair expression levels (log₂TPM, transcripts per million), calculated as the combined TPM of both alleles, for VmBASS4 (Vm205799/Vm105749) and VmCET2 (Vm205800/Vm105751) across vegetative tissues (roots, stems, leaves, seeds) and developing flower buds of both sexes. QFB1–3 represent female flower primordia, early, and middle developmental stages; QMB1–3 represent male flower primordia, early, and middle stages. (C) Representative floral phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing VmBASS4.2 under the CaMV 35S promoter (35S::VmBASS4.2) compared with wildtype Col0 (Columbia ecotype). (D) Wholeplant morphology of 35S::VmBASS4.2 transgenic lines and Col0 grown under identical conditions, showing no significant differences in flowering time or overall growth architecture. (E) Representative mature flowers of 35S::VmBASS4.2 and Col0. Floral organs are labeled: sepals (Sp), petals (Pt), anthers (An), and pistil (Ps). (F) Closeup view of pistils, showing reduced stigma (Sg) receptivity in a subset of 35S::VmBASS4.2 flowers. (G) Pollen viability assay of 35S::VmBASS4.2 and Col0, indicating comparable pollen viability between genotypes. (H) Representative inflorescences showing partial floral abortion and aborted siliques in 35S::VmBASS4.2 plants compared with normal silique development in Col0. AF, abortive flower; AS, abortive siliques; Si, siliques. (I–K) Quantification of pistil length (I), pollen number per 100 flowers (J), and pollen viability percentage (K) in 35S::VmBASS4.2 and Col0 flowers. Data are shown as mean ± SD; “no sig” indicates no statistically significant difference between transgenic and wildtype plants.

Credit

Horticulture Research

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