Immune cells in the synovial, synovium, and infrapatellar fat pad in health and osteoarthritis (IMAGE)
Caption
Various innate and adaptive immune cells are differently distributed in the synovial fluid, synovium, and IFP in healthy joints and those with OA. The diversity and distribution of innate immune cells (macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, neutrophils and NK cells) and adaptive immune cells (T cells, B cells, and plasma cells) in the synovial fluid, synovium and IFP of healthy joints and those with OA are represented. Structural cells, including adipocytes and fibroblasts are also represented. In OA, the synovial lining thickens and the protective barrier that hinders immune‐cell trafficking in the steady state is disrupted. Numerous mediators (such as cytokines, adipokines, or matrix‐degrading enzymes) are released by cells in the synovial fluid,
synovium, and IFP and can induce cartilage damage in OA.
Credit
Qingqiang Lei
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