gender gap in attitudes toward academic effort (IMAGE)

PNAS Nexus

gender gap in attitudes toward academic effort

Caption

National gender gaps in attitudes toward academic effort based on data from the PISA 2012 and PISA 2018 surveys, shown as a function of each country's level of socioeconomic development, measured using the PISA Economic Social and Cultural Status index. Attitudes toward academic effort are captured by students' agreement with the PISA statement, “Trying hard at school is important” (THI). 

Credit

Clotilde Napp

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