A Mode–Interface–Measurement–Decision framework for nanophotonic biosensing (IMAGE)

Editorial Office of Opto-Electronic Journals Group

A Mode–Interface–Measurement–Decision framework for nanophotonic biosensing

Caption

Biological events are progressively transformed across four coupled layers: Mode, Interface, Measurement, and Decision. The framework illustrates how biological information is generated at the interface, encoded by optical modes, extracted through measurement observables, and finally converted into analytical decisions. Solid arrows indicate forward information flow, while dashed arrows indicate task-driven feedback from the Decision layer to earlier design choices.

Credit

Dr. Jiaming Lyu from Beijing Information Science & Technology University, China Image link: https://doi.org/10.29026/oea.2026.260126

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Credit must be given to the creator.

License

CC BY

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