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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in ≥5% of hepatocytes in the absence of significant alcohol consumption (20 g/day for woman and 30 g/day for man). Some individuals with NAFLD can develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe case of fatty liver disease, which is marked by liver inflammation and fibrosis and may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chemokine CCL3 largely produced by pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages rather than alternatively activated M2 macrophages. In the development of NAFLD, CCL3 promotes 1) bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) recruitment into the inflamed liver and 2) M1-dominant liver macrophage polarization, which contribute to sustaining the inflammation resulting in insulin resistance and hepatic stellate cell activation.
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Kanazawa University
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