Mothers’ alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy is linked to changes in children’s face shapes (IMAGE)

European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Mothers’ alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy is linked to changes in children’s face shapes

Caption

Nominal significant results of different tiers. Multi-ethnic, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) level >1. Tier 1: PAE only before pregnancy; Tier 2a: PAE during first trimester, but abstinent during trimesters two and three; and Tier 2b: PAE during first trimester, or PAE during all trimesters. Red areas refer to inward changes while blue areas refer to outward changes of the face with respect to the geometric centre of the head.

Credit

Human Reproduction journal

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