During early stages of an epidemic, a host’s genetics and sex influence how a virus evolves, according to new  research. Using lab mice, University of Utah biologists found the influenza virus can gain virulence more quickly as it passes through females that generate a stronger immune response.

MIT researchers found the expression of a gene can stimulate or suppress the activation of neighboring genes, by altering the biophysical properties of the DNA strand. The new findings could make it easier to control the output of synthetic gene circuits.

A new Northwestern University study published in Nature Communications suggests early diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy disorders could start during pregnancy — as early as 15 weeks gestation — well before symptoms appear, highlighting the potential benefit of treating certain epilepsy disorders as early as possible. The study reveals for the first time how a novel RNA‑based treatment affects brain cell signaling when applied at early stages of development in a rare, severe and treatment‑resistant form of epilepsy caused by changes in a gene called KCNT1. If given very early — possibly even in utero, or for preterm infants — the treatment may help protect the developing brain from hyper-excitation, a means to reduce long‑term neurological harm, the study found.