How coherence changed over time (IMAGE)
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(e) The lines show the average coherence of U.S. cities, measured with job data from the census (1850–1940, blue), modern job data from the BLS (2002–2022, orange), and innovation data from patents (1980–2020, green). The values are scaled to the national average, and the shaded areas show the range of uncertainty (95% confidence).
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Complexity Science Hub
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