Diagram of the impact-freezing model of supercooled water droplet for superhydrophobic surface (IMAGE)
Caption
- This diagram presents a theoretical model for droplet impact-freezing on superhydrophobic surfaces. It contrasts two distinct dynamic behaviors: on rough surfaces, droplets spread, break up during retraction, and ultimately form a stationary spherical droplet; whereas on smooth surfaces, droplets complete retraction and fully rebound.
- The model establishes key timelines for both nucleation and ice growth phases, defining critical moments including nucleation time, horizontal ice formation fixation, and complete freezing. The sequence of these events relative to the droplet's dynamic motion determines the final outcome.
- The model provides clear morphological criteria based on the timing of nucleation relative to retraction completion. If nucleation occurs before retraction finishes, irregular hill-shaped ice forms. If nucleation happens after retraction completes, spherical ice forms on rough surfaces while no ice remains on smooth surfaces due to droplet rebound.
Credit
Haocheng Wu,Weiliang Kong,Peixiang Bian,Hong Liu.
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License
CC BY-NC-ND