Total water storage extremes over time. (IMAGE)

University of Texas at Austin

Total water storage extremes over time.

Caption

Global water storage extremes from 2002–2024 as observed by NASA’s GRACE and GRACE-FO satellites (above) and terrestrial water storage extremes by latitude over time (below). The diagram reveals how droughts (red) and floods (blue) propagate across the globe in response to climate drivers like El Niño and La Niña. Major events include the Australian Millennium Drought (1997–2010), the 2015–16 pan-tropical El Niño drought, and the 2019–22 La Niña-driven floods and droughts across multiple continents.

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Ashraf Rateb

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