Schematic diagram of advantage characterization technologies of the zinc anode interface (IMAGE)
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This classification is guided by the distinct physical principles and types of information each method delivers: imaging techniques capture morphological evolution and spatial heterogeneity; spectroscopic methods probe chemical composition, bonding states, and electronic structures; synchrotron-based scattering and diffraction approaches reveal crystallographic and structural transitions with high precision; and coupled mass spectrometry detects gaseous and soluble products, offering complementary evidence for reaction pathways. Such a framework facilitates systematic comparison of capabilities, limitations, and application scopes across different techniques. For each category, we discuss the underlying principles, representative applications, and specific insights into interfacial processes.
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Nano research, Tsinghua University Press
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