Schematic illustration of charge-carrier distributions at the interfaces of GCCCO-GDC, GCCCO-LSCF, and GCCCO-BCZYYb composite air electrodes. (IMAGE)
Caption
Left: At the GCCCO-GDC interface, only an oxygen-vacancy region forms. Center: At the GCCCO-LSCF interface, only a hole-rich region forms. Right: At the GCCCO-BCZYYb interface, oxygen vacancies and holes form simultaneously, creating a diffuse electrical double layer. This demonstrates that a balance between ionic and electronic conductivity is key to superior oxygen-ion exchange characteristics.
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© Nature Energy, originally published in Nature Energy
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