New Reichman University study: Fear of addiction, fear of missing out: How increased AI use can trigger anxiety

A new study by Prof. Guy Hochman and Adi Frenkenberg from the Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology at Reichman University presents new findings on the relationship between anxiety, motivation, and dependence on artificial intelligence, exploring how AI usage affects us emotionally. In recent years, AI has become an integral part of our lives, revolutionizing many industries and reshaping the way we learn, work, and make decisions. But a new study, published in the journal Systems, raises new questions about the emotional consequences of using artificial intelligence.

The study, which focused on the connection between anxiety, motivation, and reliance on the use of AI, revealed significant insights into the way we adopt smart technologies. One of its key findings identified a U-shaped relationship between anxiety and AI usage, outlined here:

• Minimal AI usage increases anxiety — People with limited exposure to artificial intelligence experience anticipatory anxiety — fear of the future and unknown consequences. They perceive AI as a threat, have difficulty trusting it, and avoid using it, which may hinder them professionally and leave them at a disadvantage.
• Moderate AI usage reduces anxiety – Those who use AI in a controlled and measured manner feel confident and in control. They learn how to use it wisely, understand its limitations, and feel more comfortable working with it.
• Excessive AI usage increases another type of anxiety – People who become overly reliant on AI develop dependency anxiety – that is, they feel that they can no longer make decisions without it. This dependency can impair their ability to think independently, solve problems, and feel a sense of control over their work.

The study was conducted among 242 participants, aged 18-73, from English-speaking countries. Participants completed validated questionnaires to assess their levels of AI-related anxiety, motivations for using AI, and possible dependence on the technology. The study’s findings reveal that AI usage is not just a technological issue but also a psychological one. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the emotional motivations and barriers associated with adopting smart technologies. It underscores the need for balanced implementation strategies that enable effective and sustainable integration of AI, while mitigating risks and reducing anxiety and dependency in an increasingly tech-driven world.