image: The x-axis represents the range of brain activity (alpha power values) observed across eye states. The left y-axis shows the distribution of alpha power values. The red distribution represents eyes-open states corresponding to the low alpha power range, while the blue distribution represents eyes-closed states corresponding to the high alpha power range. The right y-axis shows mind-wandering rate. The gray curve depicts the relationship between alpha power and mind-wandering rate.
Credit: Thielking et al., 2026.
A type of brain activity linked to arousal and attention can track mind wandering. But research is conflicting on whether this activity promotes or hinders mind wandering. Esther Thielking, from Barnard College, and colleagues explored whether eyes being opened or closed changes the relationship of this brain activity to mind wandering. Says Thielking, “We predicted that eye state might explain these conflicts because closing the eyes strengthens [this brain activity] and reverses its relationship with sleepiness, which is itself closely tied to mind wandering.”
As reported in their JNeurosci paper, the researchers recorded brain activity of adults with eyes open or closed as they performed a task involving paying attention to sounds or letting their minds wander. Participants also reported their level of alertness or sleepiness. Those with open eyes had increased brain activity that preceded mind wandering and sleepiness. However, those with eyes closed experienced this kind of brain activity when they were focused on the task and alert.
Says Thielking, “These findings emphasize the importance of considering context and brain state when developing read outs of a person’s attention and mental experience from brain signals.”
###
Please contact media@sfn.org for full-text PDF.
About JNeurosci
JNeurosci was launched in 1981 as a means to communicate the findings of the highest quality neuroscience research to the growing field. Today, the journal remains committed to publishing cutting-edge neuroscience that will have an immediate and lasting scientific impact, while responding to authors' changing publishing needs, representing breadth of the field and diversity in authorship.
About The Society for Neuroscience
The Society for Neuroscience is the world's largest organization of scientists and physicians devoted to understanding the brain and nervous system. The nonprofit organization, founded in 1969, now has nearly 35,000 members in more than 95 countries.
Journal
JNeurosci
Subject of Research
People
Article Title
Opposite Effects of Alpha Oscillations on Mind-Wandering with Eyes Open and Closed
Article Publication Date
27-Jul-2026
COI Statement
The authors declare no competing financial interests.