Zhonghua 11 and Taichung 65 exhibit distinct physiological and molecular responses to brassinosteroids despite their close japonica relationship.

A near-isogenic line, d61-zh11, was developed to transfer the classical brassinosteroid (BR)-insensitive mutation into a modern functional genomics background.

d61-zh11 provides a standardized reference mutant for the reproducible and system-level dissection of BR signaling in rice.

Researchers systematically evaluated the rationality of eight traditional inert powders to suppress accumulated nano-aluminum dust layers generated by additive manufacturing, revealing severe hidden fire risks of conventional inerting methods and offering theoretical guidance for dust explosion prevention in 3D printing metal processing. The study, published in Defence Technology, tested ignition sensitivity and flame spread characteristics of nano-aluminum dust mixed with three categories of inertants, and clarified distinct combustion-promoting mechanisms at low-to-medium mass fractions.

A physics- and spatially informed diffusion model was developed to achieve rapid Monte Carlo–consistent dose prediction for CyberKnife radiotherapy. The model integrates finite-size pencil beam dose distributions, planning CT images, and signed distance maps to incorporate physical, anatomical, and spatial prior information. PSIDMViT improved agreement with Monte Carlo reference doses across head-and-neck, lung, and liver cancer cases. The model reduced the time required for Monte Carlo–consistent dose estimation from approximately one hour to about 18 minutes, supporting more efficient high-precision radiotherapy planning and verification.

This study develops a novel “Hydrology–Environment–Ecology” framework that integrates aquatic ecological risk (AER) with landscape ecological risk (LER) across lake basin boundaries. Using Chaohu Lake—one of China's largest freshwater lakes—as a case study, the research reveals that both aquatic and terrestrial ecological risks increased significantly from 2000 to 2019, with habitat quality identified as the dominant driver of aquatic risk. The framework identifies an 8-km riparian buffer zone as the critical threshold for integrated conservation, and uncovers human activity as the dominant factor elevating landscape ecological risk through both direct and indirect pathways. The study provides a transferable paradigm for cross-scale lake ecosystem management.

Carbohydrate-based vaccines are an effective means for combating bacterial infections, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. This perspective provides an overview of carbohydrate vaccine against bacterial infections, from the earliest polysaccharide formulations to the latest synthetic constructs, and highlights the full engineering continuum encompassing carbohydrate antigen production, epitope mapping, conjugation chemistry, formulation, preclinical and clinical evaluation, and regulatory approval. By introducing the integrative framework of carbohydrate-based vaccine engineering (CVE), a unified perspective is provided to support both the optimization of current vaccine platforms and the rational design of next-generation glycoconjugate vaccines.

Glaciers are key indicators of climate change, but their movement is difficult to measure in remote and harsh environments. A review in Geodesy and Geodynamics examines how synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging geodesy helps scientists monitor glacier velocity from space. The article explains major SAR-based methods, with particular attention to pixel offset tracking, which is well suited to fast and large glacier movements. The review also highlights future needs for greater efficiency, accuracy, three-dimensional monitoring, and broader capability worldwide.

 The study investigated serum concentrations of multiple elements and copper isotopic fractionation in healthy, anemic, and overweight or obese children, to give metallome profiles and evaluate the feasibility of these elements and δ⁶⁵Cu as a potential indicator with metallome comprehensively for early subclinical status. This study addresses two of the most prevalent and impactful pediatric health concerns globally, anemia and childhood overweight/obesity, through an innovative multi-elemental and isotopic lens.

Researchers have developed a controllable micro-scale multiphase flow strategy for fabricating BaCrO₄@B core-shell energetic microspheres with highly uniform structures and precisely tunable shell thickness. The study demonstrates that rational microstructural design enables controllable thermal decomposition and stable combustion behavior, providing a scalable platform for customizing next-generation composite energetic materials.