Targeting cell cycle regulators: a new paradigm in cancer therapeutics

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in cancer therapies that target dysregulated cell cycle factors. The cell cycle, governed by proteins such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins, and checkpoint regulators like p53 and Rb, plays a pivotal role in controlling cell division and maintaining genomic stability.  “The cell cycle is like a symphony; where each phase has a role to play in orchestrating the proper growth and division of cells. In cancer, this harmony breaks down, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and tumor development” explains the corresponding author Dr. Samarendra Kumar Singh (Ph.D.), Assistant Professor at School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University.

The review emphasizes how breakthroughs in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cell cycle regulation have paved the way for the development of targeted anti-cancer agents. Notably, inhibitors of CDK4/6, CDK2, and CDK1 have shown promise in preclinical and clinical settings, with drugs like palbociclib already approved for certain breast cancers. These therapies work by selectively halting the proliferation of cancer cells, offering improved outcomes for patients with specific cancer subtypes.

However, the article also addresses ongoing challenges, such as the emergence of drug resistance and the relatively low response rates among some patients. To overcome these obstacles, researchers are exploring combination therapies that pair cell cycle inhibitors with other treatments, as well as novel approaches like gene therapy and targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The review underscores the importance of a deeper mechanistic understanding of these pathways to design more effective and durable therapies.

Emerging research on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, is also featured, highlighting their role in regulating the cell cycle and their potential as therapeutic targets. While some ncRNA-based strategies have reached clinical trials, most remain in early stages, emphasizing the need for further investigation.

Looking ahead, the article calls for continued innovation in drug development using structure-based drug design and high-throughput screening to expand the arsenal of cell cycle-targeted therapies. In summary, this review illustrates how advances in cell cycle biology are transforming cancer therapy, offering hope for more precise, effective, and lasting treatments. The authors believe “By intercepting cancer at its core; where it disrupts the natural checks and balances of the cell cycle, we can design therapies that are not only more effective but also more precise.”