一項最新的考科藍文獻回顧指出,免費或補助校園供餐措施可為學生的數學成績與入學率帶來小幅但具意義的提升。此研究檢視高收入國家以及中、低收入國家中弱勢兒童的校園供餐政策,並評估其全球影響。
該研究由渥太華大學(University of Ottawa)領導,研究團隊發現,在中、低收入國家(LMICs),提供免費或補助的校園餐食可使學生的數學表現與入學率略有改善,並可能促進身高體重等身體成長指標的些微進步(例如年齡別身高、年齡別體重)。
校園供餐計畫旨在減少飢餓並提升兒童的學習能力、專注力及整體健康。然而,全球仍有許多兒童無法獲得足夠且營養的食物,使他們難以保持健康、在校園順利學習,弱勢兒童更是首當其衝。中、低收入國家約佔全球營養不良現象的 90%。然而,根據世界糧食計劃署(World Food Programme)的資料,截至 2024 年,低收入國家平均僅有 27% 的小學生能獲得學校供餐;在中等收入國家中屬於較低收入者,其供餐覆蓋率亦僅 42%;相較之下,中等收入國家中屬較高收入者的供餐覆蓋率達 58%,而高收入國家則高達 79%。
身體成長、入學率與數學成績呈現一致性改善
本次回顧共納入 40 項研究、涉及 9.1 萬名中、小學生。大多數研究來自中、低收入國家,亦涵蓋部分受衝突影響的區域,補足過往研究在地理範圍上的不足。
整體而言,研究作者發現,中、低收入國家的校園供餐計畫可使學生的數學測驗成績與入學率略有提升,並可能促進兒童在年齡別身高及年齡別體重等相對成長指標上的些微改善。然而,研究也指出,供餐計畫對閱讀測驗成績及學校出席率可能影響不大或幾乎沒有影響。
該文獻共同作者、密西根大學公共衛生學院的註冊營養師 Jennifer Garner 表示:「對於經濟弱勢的兒童而言,校園餐食是極為重要的營養來源。儘管各研究的背景與供餐模式差異很大,但我們仍能看到在身體成長、入學率及數學成績上呈現可量化的改善,這非常鼓舞人心。」
儘管結果正面,研究團隊提醒,目前高收入國家的相關證據仍有限,因此不應將本次研究結論推論至中、低收入國家以外的情境。
該研究的第一作者、渥太華大學榮譽教授 Elizabeth Kristjansson 表示:「校園供餐計畫在改善弱勢兒童的健康與教育成果方面扮演關鍵角色。我們看到的成效雖然不大,但是真實存在。就我來看,餵飽飢餓的孩子是一項道德責任。」
呼籲加強研究與提升公平性
研究團隊強調,未來政策制定需仰賴更為嚴謹且標準化的研究作為指引,以確保校園供餐計畫得以有效規劃及執行。他們認為決策者應將研究視為政策規劃的必要元素。
團隊亦呼籲在供餐研究與政策中納入更多「公平性」考量。共同作者之一、同為渥太華大學的 Anita Rizvi 博士表示:「研究往往只聚焦於平均效果,而忽略不同族群之間的差異。我們本次檢視了社經弱勢程度與性別等分組分析,但因多數研究未充分回報相關資料,無法得出明確結論。未來的研究需具備更完善的設計與更大的樣本量。」
Journal
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Method of Research
Systematic review
Subject of Research
People
Article Title
School feeding programs for improving the physical and psychological health of school children experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage
Article Publication Date
10-Dec-2025
COI Statement
EK is a former editor with the Campbell Collaboration Nutrition group, a former member of the Advisory Board of Cochrane Nutrition, and a member of the Cochrane Equity Methods group. This school meals review was funded by Dubai Cares through the World Food Program ad by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. However, the funders were 'hands-off ' on the review. EK was not involved in editing this review. MD has declared that he has no confl icts of interest. AR has declared that she has no confl icts of interest. MO has declared that she has no confl icts of interest. OM has declared that she has no confl icts of interest. DO has declared that she has no confl icts of interest. JC has declared that she has no confl icts of interest. JK was a co-author of the 2007 Cochrane review on this topic while she worked at the Canadian InternationalDevelopment Agency (now Global Aff airs Canada). JK works for UNICEF as a Statistics and Monitoring Specialist on Nutrition data. UNICEF has various publications that discuss school feeding; JK is acknowledged in the 2019 SOWCreport ( www.unicef.org/media/60806/fi le/SOWC-2019.pdf ) and other UNICEF and interagency reports that mentionschool feeding. TG has declared that she has no confl icts of interest. PL has declared that he has no confl icts of interest. JG has published a related perspective on the topic (DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307488). She declares that she has noconfl icts of interest. LJ has declared that she has no confl icts of interest. SR has declared that she has no confl icts of interest. OD has declared that he has no confl icts of interest. BS is an editor with the Cochrane Musculoskeletal group. She was not involved in the editorial process for this review. VW is the Editor-in-Chief for the Campbell Collaboration, which publishes systematic reviews in the social sector. Shehas declared that she has no confl icts of interest. GW has declared that he has no confl icts of interest.