Microneedle-based cosmetic delivery systems: Advances, applications, and future perspectives in skin care and aesthetic dermatology

The article provides a comprehensive overview of microneedle-based delivery systems for skincare and aesthetic dermatology. It first explains how the stratum corneum limits penetration of hydrophilic and high-molecular-weight cosmetic actives and how microneedles create temporary microchannels to enhance delivery into the viable epidermis and dermis. The review then compares major microneedle types, including solid, coated, dissolving, hollow, and hydrogel-forming systems, and discusses their materials, fabrication techniques, and mechanisms of action. It summarizes applications in anti-aging and skin rejuvenation, pigmentation and whitening, acne and sebum control, hydration and barrier repair, and hair-growth and scalp treatments. In addition, the authors evaluate safety, regulatory considerations, consumer acceptance, market development, and commercialization. Future directions include smart and stimuli-responsive microneedles, personalized patches, wearable and IoT integration, and scalable manufacturing. The review concludes that further clinical validation and standardized regulatory frameworks are essential for broader adoption in routine cosmetic practice and advanced aesthetic dermatology applications worldwide.