News Release

僵住和逃逸:独角鲸高代价的“逃跑”反应

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Freeze and Flee: The Costly 'Escape' Response of Narwhal

image: Greenland narwhals. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Dec. 8, 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by T.M. Williams at University of California, Santa Cruz in Santa Cruz, CA, and colleagues was titled, "Paradoxical escape responses by narwhals (Monodon Monoceros)." view more 

Credit: M.P. Heide-Jorgensen

研究人员报告,东格陵兰独角鲸会在逃避威胁时表现出“僵住”和“逃离”反应。这种自相矛盾的反应代价高昂,它对科学家们当前了解的哺乳动物逃逸行为提出了挑战,因为他们过去认为,在受到惊吓时,哺乳动物不能同时僵住和逃跑。从历史上看,独角鲸一直没有受到人类太多的骚扰,因为它们的栖息场所位于北极的冰层下面。然而,近几十年来,随着北极海洋冰量的减少,独角鲸的栖息场所正在不断变化,令它们异常容易受到扰动的伤害。为了预测人类对这些动物的影响,Terrie Williams和同事给9只东格陵兰独角鲸戴上了定制的心电图仪、深度和加速度记录装置,这些都是被渔网捕捉到的或是搁浅的独角鲸。研究人员在将其释放后立刻开始监测其生理和行为反应,他们也在之后的时间对9只中的某些独角鲸的行为做常规性监测。作者说,这些独角鲸会表现出心率下调(这是“僵住”反应的特征)以及心率上调(这是“逃逸”反应的特征)。这些共同出现的反应会给心血管系统施加极端的应激力,它为深海哺乳动物为何对人为干扰如此容易受到伤害提供了线索。

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