A global meta-analysis shows that carbon farming, through legume cover crops or vermicompost, enhances agroecosystem multifunctionality. Soil biota abundance was strongly linked to multifunctionality and showed more frequent win–win relationships with other functions than species richness. Across agroecosystems, abundance was primarily associated with local soil properties and climate factors. The study identified site-specific management strategies that align carbon inputs with local environmental conditions in global croplands to enhance multifunctionality.

Inspired by the rock-paper-scissors game in ecosystem, researchers have established an active thermal transport model, revealing robust topological temperature localization phenomenon and topological phase transition. This work unveils new physics in non-equilibrium heat transfer and offers a new paradigm for thermal regulation and management.

Natural polysaccharides with different structural features and closely similar molecular sizes are often isolated together as a mixture using current purification methods and then are identified to be one complex structure. The current purity tests mainly focus on molecular size and ion-exchange property and therefore are weak to identify this impurity risk. Researchers have now developed the existing "enzyme diagnosis" method which usually indicates structure feature to an upgraded "enzyme diagnostic criteria" for purity test in order to expose these hidden mixtures. This new criterion may effectively solve the concern regarding the poor repeatability of polysaccharide structure identification by offering truly pure and much simpler polysaccharides.

Researchers developed DGMoE, a mixture-of-experts framework that better handles individual differences in EEG signals and improves emotion recognition across unseen users. Tested on three public datasets, it achieved state-of-the-art accuracies of 79.5%, 59.1%, and 57.9%, showing a more practical path toward robust affective brain-computer interfaces.

This study investigates how 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA)—a widely used alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)—exacerbates antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) proliferation during anaerobic digestion. The research demonstrates that PFESA exposure significantly increases both intracellular and extracellular ARGs, particularly tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes, through multiple mechanisms including enhanced mobile genetic element proliferation, extracellular polymeric substance restructuring that immobilizes DNA, oxidative stress-induced membrane damage, and selective enrichment of resistant microbial taxa. These findings reveal that emerging PFAS alternatives pose overlooked ecological and health risks by amplifying antimicrobial resistance spread in wastewater treatment systems, highlighting the need to incorporate resistance indicators into environmental risk assessment frameworks for persistent contaminants.

The article reframes dams as basin governance platforms through three interconnected pathways: engineering safety as the baseline, addressing sedimentation and structural risks; system operations as the core, shifting from single-purpose management to multiobjective coordination across safety, ecology, and public benefits; and digital-intelligent governance as the frontier, institutionalizing transparent and anticipatory decision-making. Drawing on China's experience with approximately 95,000 reservoirs, the authors demonstrate how this platform model can enhance resilience, ecological integrity, and public accountability. The framework offers transferable principles for global hydraulic infrastructure governance, contingent upon enabling institutional, financial, and data conditions.