Science Highlights
Updates every hour. Last Updated: 2-Jul-2025 03:10 ET (2-Jul-2025 07:10 GMT/UTC)
23-Sep-2024
Simulating a critical point in quark gluon fluid
DOE/US Department of Energy
Scientists are conducting experiments in search of a critical point in the Quantum Chromodynamics phase diagram. The main signatures of this point involve changes in the number of particles produced in heavy ion collisions. Modeling these observables requires an extension of the standard fluid dynamic framework. Scientists have now developed an algorithm for performing simulations of a critical fluid and tested those simulations.
- Journal
- Physical Review Letters
20-Sep-2024
Tiny cavitation bubbles enhance energy conversion in fuel injectors’ jets
DOE/US Department of Energy
Scientists have a limited understanding of the effects of cavitation in microscopic devices. In this research, scientists took high-speed images of microscale cavitating fuel jets to understand the motion of liquid jets from high-pressure fuel injectors like those used in vehicle engines. Analysis of the results showed that cavitation enhances the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel injection.
- Journal
- Energy
18-Sep-2024
Smoother surfaces make for better particle accelerators
DOE/US Department of Energy
A new toolkit helps researchers build optimal superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities that form the backbone of advanced particle accelerators. The cavities’ cleanliness, shape, and roughness of their inner surfaces contribute to their efficiency. In tests of the toolkit, scientists found that smoother cavities function more efficiently.
- Journal
- Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
17-Sep-2024
AI enhances plasma plume analysis
DOE/Oak Ridge National LaboratoryIn a game-changing study, Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists developed a deep learning model — a type of artificial intelligence that mimics human brain function — to analyze high-speed videos of plasma plumes during a process called pulsed laser deposition, or PLD. The PLD technique uses powerful laser pulses to vaporize a target material, creating a cloud-like stream of atoms and particles — the plasma plume — which then settles onto a target surface to form ultrathin films. This method is crucial for creating advanced materials used in electronics and energy technologies.
- Journal
- npj Computational Materials
16-Sep-2024
New mechanism explains rapid energy sharing across atomic semiconductor junctions
DOE/US Department of Energy
Understanding and controlling heat flow is critical for many applications, especially for electronics. As these devices become smaller, the interfaces between materials often become the bottleneck to removing heat. In this research, scientists uncovered a new mechanism for the transfer of energy across these interfaces that involves the coupling between electrons and atomic vibrations.
- Journal
- Nature Nanotechnology
13-Sep-2024
Lying in wait: MOF are traps for toxic gases
DOE/US Department of Energy
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) show promise as a way to trap toxic molecules and mitigate their harmful effects. In this research, scientists studied how the structure of MOFs can be tuned to enhance and optimize trapping of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
- Journal
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
11-Sep-2024
Ice-cold plasma electron beams prepare to power future hard X-ray laser beams
DOE/US Department of Energy
Scientists have developed a blueprint for producing ultrabright and ultrashort pulses of electron beams for the next generation of particle accelerators, plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFA). This could enable new scientific tools such as X-ray free-electron-lasers (XFELs) that can see matter at smaller scales and faster speeds than now possible. It could also lead to compact accelerators.
- Journal
- Nature Communications