The WHO Global Action Plan for Poliovirus Containment, 4th edition (GAPIV) describes the necessary conditions for the containment of poliovirus material in poliovirus-essential facilities (PEFs). The method used for validation of chemical products for poliovirus decontamination in this study was based on processes outlined in European Standard EN14476, as recommended by the WHO GAPIV guidelines. The disinfectants 5 % Microchem Plus and 1 % Virkon®S were evaluated for efficacy against high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load using an endpoint dilution assay. A poliovirus Sabin 1 strain was used as the reference virus with the titre 8.33 log10 CCID50 (50 % cell culture infectious dose) in 0.1 ml. Microchem Plus only partially inactivated poliovirus and cannot be relied upon as the sole decontaminant. In contrast, Virkon®S performed well for both high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load, achieving >4 log10 titre reduction for both, making Virkon®S a suitable disinfectant for poliovirus.

Using seawater for large-scale electrolysis offers a highly promising route for sustainable energy systems, but aggressive chloride ions typically cause rapid degradation of conventional anodic catalysts. Researchers from Hainan University and Swinburne University of Technology have developed a self-stabilizing boron-doped high-entropy selenide for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction. By coupling dynamic valence oscillations for active-site protection with a robust selenate layer to repel chloride, this catalyst achieves over 1000 hours of continuous operation at industrial-level currents in a harsh seawater environment.

Nanoporous carbon materials have attracted significant interest for applications in lightweight structural materials, microdevices, and bio-integrated systems due to their low density, chemical stability, electrical conductivity, and tunable mechanical properties. However, existing fabrication approaches often struggle to simultaneously achieve precise patterning, controllable porosity, and desirable mechanical performance. A research team led by Professor Min Qiu at Westlake University has developed a new fabrication strategy, termed Mix-ice lithography (Mix-IL), that enables direct construction of nanoporous carbon structures with tunable pore architectures and complex geometries. The study has been published in Science Bulletin.

Researchers from Shanxi University and Nanjing University have demonstrated on-chip two-mode squeezed light at audio frequency as low as 60 Hz, bringing integrated quantum noise reduction into the audio-frequency band. A weak, orthogonally polarized electro-optic reference comb stabilizes the homodyne measurement phase without placing a bright locking tone at the quantum frequencies. The experiment observed approximately 1 dB of squeezing from 60 Hz to 5 kHz, reconstructed the two-mode covariance matrix, and verified entanglement using the positive partial transposition criterion.

This study develops a novel “Panning for Gold” framework that integrates Koopman analysis with clustering algorithms to identify representative water quality dynamic data for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Using a full-scale Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic process in southern China as a case study, the research demonstrates that machine learning models can maintain predictive accuracy with 43.59% less training data, establishing a low-data-requirement paradigm for efficient water system management.

Researchers developed a palladium-engineered nickel phosphide catalyst for selective bio-oil upgrading. In anisole tests at 200 ℃, NiPdP achieved near-complete conversion and 97.28% selectivity to cyclohexane; with m-cresol at 250 ℃, selectivity to methylcyclohexane reached 95.72%. Palladium altered catalyst formation, lattice strain and electronic structure, helping suppress unwanted carbon–carbon bond cleavage, sintering and coke formation while supporting reuse over 10 cycles.

The present study investigated the disease burden and associated productivity losses attributable to T2DM among adults, while also forecasting the disease burden through 2050. The study adopted a quantitative approach and drew upon datasets obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, the World Bank, the United Nations, and the International Labor Organization. Projections based on the BAPC model indicate that the ASDR will rise to 2243.12 per 100,000 population by 2050. The estimated annual productivity loss attributable to T2DM in the region exceeds 220 billion U.S. dollar (USD). Comprehensive and sustainable interventions, including health policies, educational initiatives, and social protection measures, are needed to reduce disparities associated with T2DM.