Few studies have investigated coastal marine plankton and aggregate abundance and diversity with high frequency over a long time period. Here, a group of researchers deployed a cabled marine Oshima Coastal Environmental data Acquisition Network System (OCEANS) observatory in 20 m of water off the coast of Oshima Island in Japan to establish plankton diversity and plankton and aggregate abundance as a function of ocean turbulence during two 4-month periods spanning 2014 to 2016.

An attosecond (10⁻¹⁸ seconds) corresponds to the natural timescale of electron motion in matter. In 2023, the Nobel Prize in Physics recognized experimental methods for generating and measuring attosecond light pulses, highlighting their ability to effectively “film” electrons in real time. The next frontier of attosecond science is extending these capabilities into the X-ray regime. X-rays provide element specificity and atomic-scale sensitivity, making them powerful probes of ultrafast dynamics in complex materials and chemical systems. However, generating high-power attosecond X-ray pulses at high repetition rates remains a major challenge.

A new radar imaging method could make ground deformation monitoring denser, cleaner, and more reliable across complex landscapes. 

A new artificial intelligence method can describe changes in satellite images even when the images are rotated or spatially misaligned. 

A new satellite-based framework has made it possible to reconstruct seamless daily global maps of atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO), a key tracer of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs), from noisy and fragmented observations.