A new study published in Chinese Journal of Aeronautics reveals critical insights into hypersonic boundary layer instabilities. Using resolvent analysis, parabolized stability equations and direct numerical simulation, researchers investigated disturbance growth on a blunt-tip wedge at Mach 5.9. The study identifies two competing wave patterns: Pattern A (slow amplification in the entropy layer) and Pattern B (rapid transient growth in the boundary layer). Key findings highlight the impact of nose radius, wall cooling, and acoustic wave receptivity, offering new control strategies for nonmodal instabilities. This work advances understanding of hypersonic flow stability with practical implications for aerospace design.

The rotating stall precursor is a major research focus in the field of aerodynamic compressor flow stability, as an accurate understanding of its physical mechanisms can help improve the operating margin of the compressor system in aircraft engines and ensure flight safety. With advances in numerical simulation techniques, the physical essence of spike-type stall has been increasingly investigated in depth. Many studies assume that weak-amplitude disturbances exist prior to stall and facilitate its onset; however, the specific nature of these disturbances, their relationship with the spontaneous unsteady behavior of the flow, and whether these disturbances serve as the origin of the spike-type stall, have yet to be clarified.

Isosbestic behavior is a term used in spectroscopy, or the study of light and electromagnetic spectra, and references the specific wavelength in which the complete absorption of a solution is constant throughout the reaction, leading to a stable rate of absorbance throughout the entirety of the reaction. This type of behavior is typically viewed as an indicator that a chemical reaction has happened and the starting materials (reactants) have changed into the end materials (product) without any intermediates in between. However, researchers have found that this isn’t necessarily the case by using magic size clusters (MSCs) and precursors to reveal a relatively transparent intermediate involved in the reaction. 

Lead-free antiferroelectric materials hold promise as alternatives to lead-containing dielectrics, but the challenge of irreversible room-temperature phase transitions in sodium niobate (NaNbO₃) has hindered their application. This work innovatively employs a tin (Sn) and cerium (Ce) co-doping strategy, successfully achieving precise control over the phase structure of NaNbO₃. The study found that the sample with x=0.04 exhibits reversible electric-field-induced ferroelectric/antiferroelectric (AFE ⇄ FE) phase transitions at room temperature, displaying the characteristic double hysteresis loops and a positive strain of 0.38%. The team also clarified the key mechanism involving Sn²⁺/Ce³⁺ occupying A-sites and Sn⁴⁺/Ce⁴⁺ occupying B-sites through atmosphere-controlled sintering. This work paves a new avenue for the design and application of high-performance lead-free antiferroelectric materials.

Dopamine plays a crucial role in regulating various brain functions, making the development of highly sensitive detection methods and precise quantitative analysis. techniques of great significance. However, realizing highly selective and sensitive detection of dopamine in complex biological environments remains a challenge. Here, we prepared 3D crumpled Ti₃C₂T_x structures loaded with Pt nanoparticles (Pt/Na- Ti₃C₂T_x) by wet chemical reduction and ion intercalation. The synergistic coupling between Pt nanoparticles and MXene support facilitates efficient electron transfer between dopamine and the electrode surface, thereby improving the sensing performance of dopamine. Furthermore, this wrinkled structure not only enhances the specific surface area by inhibiting the stacking of layered Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets, but also effectively prevents the agglomeration of nanoparticles. The experimental results showed that Pt/Na- Ti₃C₂T_x possessed a wide linear range (0.1-100 μM), a low detection limit (0.029 μM), and a high sensitivity (0.556 μAμM^-1cm^-2). This work proposes an innovative strategy for achieving highly sensitive dopamine detection while advancing the utilization of MXene-based nanocomposites in electrochemical sensor development.

Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) face significant limitations due to low energy density despite their high power density and long cycle life. In this study, single-layer Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets are employed to fabricate a MXene-hydroxylated nanocellulose-carbon nanotube (MHC) composite ink, which is used to fabricate high-energy flexible MSCs via direct ink writing 3D printing technology. The introduction of the rheological modifier hydroxylated nanocellulose (HNC) not only constructs interlayer spacers to inhibit nanosheet restacking but also optimizes the rheological properties and 3D printability of the composite ink. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive agents enhances interlayer electron transport and electrochemical performance. Benefiting from the rational design of the ink and printing process, the fabricated MSCs exhibit high-precision structures (electrode width of 250 μm, electrode area of 0.2625 cm²) and outstanding energy storage properties, achieving 543 mF cm^-2 areal capacitance, 27.15 μWh cm^-2 energy density, and 6 mW cm^-2 power density, significantly surpassing previously reported MXene-based MSCs. Moreover, the flexible all-solid-state MSCs demonstrate excellent performance stability under mechanical bending, series/parallel module integration, and long-term cycling tests, providing a customizable energy storage solution for flexible wearable microelectronic systems.

Endogenous AICAR (Acadesine) demonstrates significant therapeutic potential as a phase III clinical agent for the treatment of adverse cardiovascular reactions to coronary artery bypass grafting and as a phase I/II clinical agent for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, its biosynthetic mechanism remains poorly defined. Previous study demonstrated that AICAR was significantly enriched in the Fusarium solani mutant veA^OE14, which overexpressed the global regulator VeA. In May 2025, the research team led by Professor Jichuan Kang from the Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Biopharmaceutical Resource of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, published a research paper titled “MtfA, a C2H2 transcriptional regulator, negatively regulates PRPS2-mediated biosynthesis of the adenosine analogue Acadesine in Fusarium solani” in the journal Mycology.

This study elucidated, at the molecular level, the regulatory mechanism by which VeA overexpression enhances AICAR production in Fusarium solani. The team established a three-tier regulatory network model (VeA-MtfA-PRPS2) (Figure 1), laying an important foundation for the engineering of filamentous fungal strains for AICAR biosynthesis.