The prefrontal cortex, the brain's command center for decision-making and cognitive control, is the last brain region to fully mature. While this protracted development through adolescence is well-known, the precise mechanisms that shape its final architecture have remained unclear. A new study published today in Science Bulletin provides the first developmental atlas of the human dorsal prefrontal cortex, revealing when and how two key decision‑making hubs—the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)—diverge during adolescence. The study integrates multimodal brain imaging and genetic data to reveal how the dorsal prefrontal cortex is sculpted into its specialized subregions.

In this work the authors describe important factors and key genes involved in skin diseases and skin aging and introduced natural remedies such as a modified diet, the use of some phytochemicals and probiotics to prevent skin diseases and skin aging.

As cities worldwide embrace smart railway technology to combat traffic congestion and reduce environmental impact, a critical challenge emerges beneath the surface of these technological marvels. While smart trains promise efficiency and sustainability, they also open new doors for cyber threats that could derail not just schedules, but entire transportation networks. A comprehensive new study reveals the escalating cybersecurity landscape in smart railways and provides crucial insights for protecting these vital infrastructure systems.

As the world grapples with climate change and dwindling fossil fuel reserves, biodiesel emerges as a promising renewable alternative to conventional diesel. However, the journey toward sustainable biodiesel production faces significant hurdles, particularly in selecting the right feedstocks that don't compete with food supplies. A groundbreaking comprehensive review reveals how artificial neural networks (ANNs) and deep learning technologies are revolutionizing this field, offering unprecedented solutions to longstanding challenges.

As our cities choke on exhaust fumes and climate change accelerates, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as our beacon of hope. Yet, despite their promise, EVs face a critical challenge that limits their widespread adoption: the delicate balance between driving efficiency and ride comfort. Every time you press the accelerator in an electric car, the motor must deliver power efficiently while minimizing vibrations that can make your journey uncomfortable and reduce the vehicle's lifespan.

 This study tackles rising energy consumption in 400km/h high-speed trains by addressing aerodynamic drag. Numerical simulations identified key contributors: head/tail cars (>33%), bogies (>10%), and pantographs (>5%). Optimized designs (15m-long streamlined heads, lowered body height 3.85m, shallow pantograph platforms, low-drag pantographs, uneven bogie fairings, fully enclosed bottom plates) reduced total aerodynamic drag by 22.11%, enhancing high-speed rail energy efficiency.

Compact and efficient optical frequency combs are critical for modern technologies like spectroscopy, metrology, and communications. Researchers at Harvard have developed a hybrid Kerr-electro-optic frequency comb on thin-film lithium niobate that achieves both ultra-broad spectral span (75.9 THz) and fine microwave-rate line spacing (29.3 GHz). This integrated solution overcomes a longstanding spacing-span trade-off, paving the way for scalable, chip-based frequency references that may find use in a wide range of advanced application settings.

The maritime sector, a cornerstone of global trade, is facing increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. With shipping contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, finding sustainable solutions is more critical than ever. A new study titled "Direct Air Capture-Assisted Sustainable Fuel Solution in the Maritime Sector: A Carbon Footprint Perspective" offers a promising pathway forward by exploring the potential of direct air capture (DAC) technology combined with electro-methanol production.