In 1972, a series of solar proton events occurred between the Apollo 16 and 17 missions. Had they coincided, astronauts would have been exposed to deadly particle radiation with very little warning and no shielding. As we return to the Moon, understanding these volatile events is increasingly urgent. 

Guided by a medieval Japanese poet and tree-ring analysis of buried cypress trees, researchers have achieved world-leading precision in carbon-14 measurements, finding evidence supporting the occurrence of a solar proton event dated to winter 1200 CE–spring 1201 CE. This research helps fill gaps in our knowledge of extreme space weather and its relation to solar cycles. 

As climate change intensifies harmful algal blooms worldwide, an international team led by Hiroshima University has developed a hybrid modeling approach that combines algal movement simulations, AI, and long-term monitoring data to sharpen forecasts of these bloom events—linked to environmental damage, mass fish die-offs, economic losses, and risks to human health.

Dragonflies have evolved special light-sensing proteins that let them see deeper red light than most animals. Researchers have now discovered that the mechanism of red vision is shared with humans and this ability comes from small molecular changes that could inspire new biomedical technologies.

Nagoya University researchers demonstrated that native soil bacteria, when treated with decoy molecules, can degrade non-native compounds, including persistent pollutants such as dioxins, without genetic modification.

Psychological stress during pregnancy is known to affect birth outcomes, but isolating its effects has been difficult. Researchers found that babies born in Japan immediately after the Fukushima nuclear accident were more likely to be born preterm or with low birth weights. Radiation exposure-related maternal anxieties significantly contributed to the differences in birth outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of clear communication and psychological support for pregnant women during crises to help prevent intergenerational harm.

Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are among the most promising materials for optoelectronic device applications. Now, researchers have unveiled a new class of high-performance photodetectors based on QD superlattices, marking a significant advancement in optoelectronics. By precisely organizing semiconductor QDs into ordered architectures, they achieved enhanced charge transport and device efficiency. This breakthrough establishes a clear pathway for next-generation light-detection technologies, with potential applications in imaging, sensing, and advanced photonic systems.