In a recent publication in Medcomm-Oncology, a team of expert scientists specializing in immuno-oncology extensively outlined the complexities involved in the therapeutic targeting of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) inhibition as a strategy for cancer immunotherapy. They discuss the significant hurdles in translating preclinical successes into effective clinical treatments, such as robust anti-tumor immune responses observed in in vitro and animal models. The authors analyze the multifaceted biological roles of TGF-β in tumor progression and immune regulation, and propose strategies to overcome these translational challenges, thereby enhancing the efficacy and safety of TGF-β-targeted therapies in clinical settings.

Surface-engineered LNPs, propelled by clinical successes like patisiran and mRNA vaccines, enable targeted nucleic acid delivery via ligands (antibodies, peptides) and conjugation chemistries (click reactions). These LNPs target organs (liver, lungs) and cells (immune, brain), advancing gene therapy and vaccines. Key challenges—batch reproducibility, ligand stability, scalable production—must be resolved to accelerate clinical translation and expand applications to protein/small-molecule delivery.

This protocol establishes the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model in avian embryos to investigate migrasome-mediated angiogenesis mechanisms. Key methodologies include the CAM nylon mesh assay and ex vivo sprouting assay for quantifying vascular growth, alongside migrasome isolation, labeling, and targeted delivery. CRISPR-generated T4-KO-mCherry-KI embryos enable functional analysis of migrasome dynamics in real-time angiogenesis. The CAM's high vascularity and accessibility allow parallel assessment of pro-/anti-angiogenic factors and migrasome-cell interaction mapping. By integrating genetic editing and migrasome manipulation, this platform bridges migrasome biology with developmental angiogenesis, offering a scalable tool for mechanistic and therapeutic exploration.

This review focuses on the unique characteristics of mitochondrial nucleoids in mammalian cells, highlighting their semi-autonomous nature and the role of phase separation in their organization and function. It draws parallels to the well-established role of phase separation in nuclear architecture and gene regulation.

Researchers developed a robust microalgae cultivation system using 200 mM formate - the highest concentration ever reported - to efficiently produce high-quality protein with optimal amino acid profiles.

Researchers isolated Methylophilus sp. HN238 for efficient microbial protein production. After optimizing fermentation conditions, a 387.30% increase in protein yield was achieved, proving a promising solution for sustainable protein production.

Researchers identified key genes in Streptomyces cinnamonensis to enhance monensin production, a widely used antibiotic. By enhancing fatty acid degradation genes, yields rose 10%–22%. Tandem overexpression of these genes in engineered strain achieved record yields, which is of a big industrial promise.

A new approach called monolithic synchronous integration enables the direct fabrication of lead-based optoelectronic devices on silicon circuits, promising simpler, cost-effective production of high-performance image sensors and displays.