The global transition to a hydrogen-based clean energy economy faces a critical bottleneck: current proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and water electrolyzers rely almost exclusively on scarce platinum group metals (PGMs) like platinum and iridium oxide. With platinum reserves accounting for only 5% of gold reserves worldwide, this dependency presents a major barrier to large-scale deployment. Nature, however, offers a compelling solution. Over billions of years, evolution has engineered highly efficient enzymes using only earth-abundant elements to manage energy metabolism. These biological catalysts achieve maximum metal atom utilization—where every atom participates in catalysis—unlike conventional nanoparticles where only surface atoms are active. They also demonstrate exceptional activity and operate in aqueous environments under mild conditions. Columbia University and Tsinghua University researchers argue that translating these enzyme design principles into synthetic electrocatalysts could revolutionize hydrogen energy technologies.

High-temperature stealth is vital for enhancing the concealment, survivability, and longevity of critical assets. However, achieving stealth across multiple infrared bands—particularly in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band—along with microwave stealth and efficient thermal management at high temperatures, remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a strategy that integrates an IR-selective emitter (Mo/Si multilayer films) and a microwave metasurface (TiB₂–Al₂O₃–TiB₂) to enable multi-infrared band stealth, encompassing mid-wave infrared (MWIR), long-wave infrared (LWIR), and SWIR bands, and microwave (X-band) stealth at 700 °C, with simultaneous radiative cooling in non-atmospheric window (5–8 μm). At 700 °C, the device exhibits low emissivity of 0.38/0.44/0.60 in the MWIR/LWIR/SWIR bands, reflection loss below − 3 dB in the X-band (9.6–12 GHz), and high emissivity of 0.82 in 5–8 μm range—corresponding to a cooling power of 9.57 kW m⁻². Moreover, under an input power of 17.3 kW m⁻²—equivalent to the aerodynamic heating at Mach 2.2—the device demonstrates a temperature reduction of 72.4 °C compared to a conventional low-emissivity molybdenum surface at high temperatures. This work provides comprehensive guidance on high-temperature stealth design, with far-reaching implications for multispectral information processing and thermal management in extreme high-temperature environments.

Rapid development of artificial intelligence requires the implementation of hardware systems with bioinspired parallel information processing and presentation and energy efficiency. Electrolyte-gated organic transistors (EGOTs) offer significant advantages as neuromorphic devices due to their ultra-low operation voltages, minimal hardwired connectivity, and similar operation environment as electrophysiology. Meanwhile, ionic–electronic coupling and the relatively low elastic moduli of organic channel materials make EGOTs suitable for interfacing with biology. This review presents an overview of the device architectures based on organic electrochemical transistors and organic field-effect transistors. Furthermore, we review the requirements of low energy consumption and tunable synaptic plasticity of EGOTs in emulating biological synapses and how they are affected by the organic materials, electrolyte, architecture, and operation mechanism. In addition, we summarize the basic operation principle of biological sensory systems and the recent progress of EGOTs as a building block in artificial systems. Finally, the current challenges and future development of the organic neuromorphic devices are discussed.

Objective: Transcription factor E2F7 exerts suppressive transcription effects and was validated as highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in our previous study. Based on the correlation between E2F7 and the dismal clinicopathological features in patients, we investigated the downstream regulators controlled by E2F7 in HCC progression and identified a potential E2F7/miR-218-5p axis facilitating HCC cell growth by stabilizing USP32, one of the important ubiquitin-specific peptidases.

Methods: The expression profiles of miR-218-5p and USP32 were detected in HCC cell lines and patients’ specimens, combined with the analysis of the public databases. The clinicopathological features of 95 HCC patients were analyzed. Cellular functional experiments through the expression regulation of these genes were conducted in vitro. The chromatin immunoprecipitation and the Dual-luciferase reporter assays were carried out to demonstrate the interaction between the candidate genes.

Results: USP32 was aberrantly overexpressed in HCC, and its high expression was positively associated with poor clinical outcomes and served as an independent risk factor. USP32 depletion impaired HCC cell growth and miR-218-5p targeted USP32 mRNA, thereby acting as a suppressive upstream regulator in HCC. E2F7 directly binds to the promoter region of miR-218-5p and suppressively modulates the transcription activity. Modulation of the E2F7/miR-218-5p axis significantly impacts USP32 transcription and HCC cell growth.

Conclusions:USP32 is a pivotal ubiquitin peptidase highly expressed in HCC and facilitates tumor development. The E2F7/miR-218-5p axis functions as an upstream regulatory mechanism that modulates USP32 expression through transcriptional suppression. These genes provide the possibility for innovative targets against HCC.

The environmental, social, and governance (ESG) report is globally recognized as a keystone in sustainable enterprise development. However, current literature has not concluded the development of topics and trends in ESG contexts in the twenty-first century. Therefore, we selected 1114 ESG reports from global firms in the technology industry to analyze the evolutionary trends of ESG topics by text mining. We discovered the homogenization effect toward low environmental, medium governance, and high social features in the evolution. We also designed a strategic framework to look closer into the dynamic changes of firms’ within-industry representiveness and cross-sector distinctiveness, which demonstrates corporate social responsibility and sustainability. We found that companies are gradually converging toward the third quadrant, which indicates that firms contribute less to industrial outstanding and professional distinctiveness in ESG reporting. Firms choose to imitate ESG reports from each other to mitigate uncertainty and enhance behavioral legitimacy.

The triboluminescence (TL) of metal halide perovskite (MHP) films is found for the first time. Scraping the MHP film with a lower Fermi-level material (e.g., Cu) causes electron transfer from the MHP, creating a positive surface electric field, which stretches the MHP lattice, enhancing the photoluminescence (PL). Scraping the MHP film with a higher Fermi-level material (e.g., Al), instead, quenches the PL. This work reveals the unique TL mechanism in MHPs, opening up new research avenues for appealing perovskite materials.