the spontaneous polarization, bulk photovoltaic effect, and pyroelectric effect and frequency up-conversion in lithium niobate, which enable unconventional light-to-electricity conversion without external bias. 

Introducing the principle of perfect vortex beam generation using metasurfaces, followed by a discussion on the generation of complex perfect vortex beams, including multi-channel and grafted perfect vortex beams. Subsequently, it explores the applications of perfect vortex beams in particle trapping and optical communication. 

No calibration, no alignment errors: A new laser system images and machines in one step, carving precise shapes in circuits and weeding out bad micro-LEDs with better than 15 µm accuracy—read how it works.

The mode transition of combined-cycle inlets, governed by sidewall constraints, is inherently characterized by significant three-dimensional (3D) unsteady flow phenomena that elude capture by conventional two-dimensional (2D) diagnostics or single-point transducers. This research published in the Chinese Journal of Aeronautics utilizes fast-response pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) to conduct dynamic measurements on the wall pressure field of a typical over-under TBCC inlet during mode transition, successfully elucidating the 3D characteristics of these unsteady flows.

The development of bioinspired electronic skin plays a pivotal role in enhancing robotic environmental perception and interaction capabilities, with stretchable multimodal tactile sensors serving as the fundamental component. However, existing tactile sensors are often constrained by limited integration density and spatial resolution, hindering their applicability in complex scenarios. To address these challenges, this study proposes a multimodal tactile sensing strategy based on the synergistic integration of pressure and strain sensors. By innovatively embedding strain sensors into the gaps between pressure sensor units, both types of sensors are co-fabricated in a coplanar configuration, enabling simultaneous and high-precision detection of pressure and strain. Leveraging the dual-mode sensing data, the system further enables accurate evaluation of object hardness.

The development of artificial synapses aimed at creating neuromorphological computing systems that are anticipated to fundamentally address the performance bottleneck issues in von Neumann architecture systems. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their atomic-scale thickness and van der Waals contact surfaces, offer exceptional optoelectronic properties, making them potential candidates for artificial synapse fabrication.

Lithium metal batteries hold great promise for high performance energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density. However, practical implementation is hindered by interfacial side reactions and dendrite growth at the Li metal anode, particularly in carbonate-based electrolytes. Hereby, the authors introduce a novel multifunctional group additive strategy using 2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (2-FBSA) to address these challenges. The 2-FBSA additive plays a crucial role in modulating the solvation structure of the electrolyte, facilitating Li⁺ transport kinetics by lowering the desolvation energy barrier. Additionally, the preferential decomposition of 2-FBSA at the anode interface leads to the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) enriched with inorganic Li salts, including LiF, Li₃N, and ROSO₂Li. This SEI layer effectively suppresses Li dendrite growth and mitigates parasitic side reactions, resulting in significantly improved cycling stability and rate performance of Li||Li symmetric cells and Li||LiFePO₄ full cells. The Li||Li symmetric cell achieves a remarkable lifespan exceeding 2400 h at 0.5 mA cm⁻²/1 mAh cm⁻² , while the Li||LiFePO₄ full cell demonstrates a capacity retention of 72% after 400 cycles at 1 C. This study highlights the potential of multifunctional group molecular additive 2-FBSA in interfacial optimization and provides new insights into additive design principles for high performance battery systems.

Pore-scale mechanisms of drag reduction by micro-blowing have rarely been explored. A direct numerical simulation (DNS) study, published in the Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, is performed to uncover the fundamental physics of single-hole micro-blowing in a supersonic turbulent boundary layer. Results reveal a dual-regime drag-reduction mechanism: upstream reduction driven by adverse pressure gradients and downstream reduction dominated by the formation of a low-speed air film. A detailed vortex-interaction analysis further explains how micro-blowing sustains stable drag-reduction performance under turbulent vortex interference.

Understanding the internal structure of asteroids is crucial for deciphering their formation and establishing defenses against potential hazard asteroids (PHAs). Ground-based radar, notably the Goldstone observatory operating in the C-band, plays a crucial role in quickly and precisely determining the orbit, size, shape, and rotation rate of PHAs. Whereas, the limited penetration capabilities of C-band electromagnetic waves hinder the exploration of subsurface information such as porosity and internal structure. A recently constructed interferometric array – DAocheng Radio Telescope (DART), previously known as DSRT for short – designed for low-frequency Sun imaging presents a promising tool for probing asteroid interiors. DART is a circular array of 1 km diameter with 313 element antennas, each with an aperture of 6 m. The nominal receiver band is 150 to 450 MHz. Electromagnetic waves in the band can penetrate asteroids to study the subsurface.