The near-Earth asteroid Apophis will make an extremely close flyby of Earth on April 13, 2029, at a distance of approximately 38,000 km—an event that occurs on average only once every 7,500 years, offering an unprecedented opportunity for planetary science and planetary defense. However, significant uncertainties remain regarding the physical parameters of Apophis, such as its shape, spin state, internal structure, and material composition, and predictions of tidal effects—including potential orbital changes, spin acceleration, surface material displacement, and dust ejection during the flyby—are highly dependent on model assumptions. Although multiple nations have planned exploration missions, how to coordinate global observational resources within the limited time window, optimize rapid-response mission architectures, and translate scientific understanding into effective planetary defense strategies remain critical challenges to be addressed.

With the intensifying space confrontation in geostationary orbit (GEO), the U.S. GSSAP (Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program) satellites have conducted hundreds of close-range observation operations on dozens of on-orbit satellites in the vicinity of GEO. The acquisition of multi-aspect information from non-cooperative targets has thus become a critical component of space security assessment. Close-range spacecraft operations, which employ relative motion configurations such as fly-around, hovering, and drifting flight, provide an effective technical means for approaching and observing targets to obtain multi-aspect payload information. However, existing studies predominantly focus on the control design of a single relative motion configuration, which fails to satisfy the complex mission requirements of multi-aspect observation. The combination of multiple models for observation presents multiple challenges, including smooth switching between modes, fuel optimization, strategy design algorithms, and analysis of payload parameter effects. Therefore, how to coordinately plan a sequential combination of multiple close-range operation models under minimum fuel constraints to efficiently acquire multi-aspect information of non-cooperative targets has become a key bottleneck in enhancing space situational awareness capabilities.

A new hyperspectral index, moisture-insensitive non-photosynthetic vegetation index (MINI), enables more reliable estimation of vegetation cover in coastal saltmarsh wetlands under changing moisture conditions. 

A research paper by scientists from Imperial College London introduced a bionic multichannel whisker system, as an additional sensing modality for endoluminal interventions.

The new research paper, published on Aug. 05 in the journal Cyborg and Bionic Systems, provided proof‑of‑concept validation for a compact sensor add‑on that can discriminate surface texture, reconstruct local geometry, and estimate radial contact forces–three tactile primitives that are difficult to access through vision alone.

A research paper by scientists from Shanghai Jiao Tong University developed and clinically evaluated an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled wearable ultrasound device for noninvasive estimation of elevated central venous pressure (CVP) by imaging the internal jugular vein (IJV) and common carotid artery (CCA) in acute and critical patients.

The new research paper, published on Aug. 05 in the journal Cyborg and Bionic Systems, has developed an integrated system that combines a wearable ultrasound patch with artificial intelligence to estimate elevated CVP noninvasively from neck vascular imaging.