Recently, a team at Soochow University integrated computational fluid dynamics with fluid-structure interaction modeling to quantify WSS in 33 AD patients and 25 controls, revealing a 2-fold higher peak WSS in AD patients that strongly correlated with AD initiation and progression. To mimic AD-relevant WSS microenvironments, they developed an AD-specific organ-on-a-chip (OOC) system, which recapitulated key AD pathologies, including mitochondrial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching, and abnormal mechanotransduction.