This review explains how the metabolite itaconate actively shapes immunity by regulating inflammation, cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death. The researchers show how two key modifications—S-itaconation and K-itaconation—directly alter protein function and influence pathways such as interferon signaling, glycolysis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. The study highlights how itaconate affects infection control, tumor behavior, and immune balance, and outlines its therapeutic promise in sepsis, colitis, neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, and cancer.

Guan’s group reports a nanorobot with ultrasensitive chemotaxis for precision cancer therapy. After intravenous injection, the nanorobots achieved a 209-fold increase in tumor targeting efficiency compared with conventional passive nanocarriers. When loaded with only 1% of the dose of anticancer drugs, the nanorobots achieved a tumor growth inhibition rate of up to 92.7%. The nanorobots boost the tumor suppression efficacy by approximately 49-fold compared with the passive counterparts.

In order to reprogram readily available cells into specific immune cells that fight various diseases, one must know the “recipe” for the transformation. Researchers at Lund University have now created a library of the 400 factors needed for reprogramming and have begun the work of finding the right combination – the recipe – for each type of immune cell.

A novel liquid biopsy technology is set to advance cancer diagnostics and monitoring by overcoming the long-standing challenge of simultaneously achieving high sensitivity, broad coverage, and simple workflow. A team of researchers from Genomill Health Inc., the University of Turku, and the TYKS Turku University Hospital, Finland, benchmarked this new method, Bridge Capture, against two market-leading tools Their analysis, appearing in The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, published by Elsevier, highlights the method’s simplicity, cost-efficiency, reproducibility, and scalability, making it well suited for routine clinical testing, disease monitoring, and treatment selection.