Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania and international collaborators have shown that innate immune training, also known as trained immunity (TRIM), leads to aggravated bone loss in experimental models of periodontitis and inflammatory arthritis. “Although TRIM can have beneficial effects—protecting against infections and cancer—the memory of a previous infection may also contribute to inflammatory diseases and the comorbidity between inflammatory bone loss disorders,” says George Hajishengallis of Penn Dental Medicine.

The number of molecular abnormalities identified in hematopoietic and lymphocytic neoplasms has grown exponentially over the past decades. Patients with genetic biomarker-matched targeted therapies have experienced significantly improved survival rates. Modern molecular laboratories, equipped with advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing, can simultaneously test hundreds of genes and thousands of hotspots in a single run with multiple samples analyzed side by side. Bioinformatics tools provide seamless, evidence-based information to determine whether the detected mutations are benign or pathogenic, somatic or germline, druggable or diagnostic. This review is divided into five sections, each aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic landscape of myeloid and lymphocytic neoplasms. It highlights the challenges and proposes potential solutions to facilitate interpretation and maximize the clinical utility of molecular profiling results.

Austin Gray received a $1.3 million National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) award to explore the ecological effects of microplastics.

Scientists at VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified an innovative combination of treatment strategies that work collaboratively to effectively kill acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, a frequently incurable form of cancer. New research findings — published in the Nature family journal Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy — suggest that a class of drugs known as MCL-1 (myeloid leukemia cell-1) inhibitors interact with a type of kinase inhibitor that targets the SRC gene to efficiently trigger cell death in AML cells.

Diagnosing and treating cytopenic myelofibrosis in children is challenging due to the wide spectrum of clinical and pathological features, underlying etiologies, and variable therapeutic responses. In this review, we summarize the related literature and present our diagnostic algorithm to differentiate pediatric myelofibrosis and guide therapy. In brief, primary myelofibrosis is extremely rare in children, while myelofibrosis secondary to non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorders should be thoroughly ruled out in ambiguous cases. Moreover, it is reasonable to closely follow up patients and repeat bone marrow biopsy before reaching a definitive diagnosis.

Spatial transcriptomics techniques, which map gene activity in intact tissues, often face challenges in accurately identifying distinct tissue regions. Now, researchers from Japan have developed STAIG, a deep-learning framework that integrates gene expression, spatial data, and histological images to identify tissue regions with high accuracy. The proposed framework holds much promise for understanding the complexities of cancer development, brain function, and how our bodies are constructed.