The riddle of rising extreme heat days in Europe: Remote “triggers” and local “amplifiers”

As China’s poultry industry is rapidly moving towards standardization and large-scale development, high-yield breeds in large-scale farms are particularly sensitive to environmental changes.

Any plan to send a human crew to explore Moon or Mars requires many tons of propellant to blast off from Moon or Mars for return to Earth. Two propellants are needed: (a) a fuel, typically either methane or hydrogen, and (b) oxygen. Oxygen represents the greatest mass of propellant, and in situ propellant production (ISPP) for oxygen only would provide a significant mass saving. Lunar and Martian ISPP processes range widely in complexity and degree of difficulty, with equally wide ranges in risk and apparent return on investment (ROI). Moreover, operating autonomous chemical engineering plants on remote bodies, in some cases involving mining, transporting, delivering, discharging, and processing planetary soil under severe environmental conditions, presents significant challenges. Difficulty in providing power compounds the problems. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between autonomous processes that are simple and straightforward to implement that lend themselves naturally to first landings versus processes that are complex and challenging and, because of that, likely to be relegated to second-generation or even third-generation landings, if at all.

Scientists quantitatively identify main causes of Russian once-in-a-century heatwave

After more than a decade of design, construction, and international collaboration, the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory has become the world's first next-generation, large-scale, high-precision neutrino detector to begin operation. The detector's key performance indicators fully meet or surpass design expectations, confirming that JUNO is ready to deliver frontier measurements in neutrino physics.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used biomarker for sepsis evaluation in newborns. However, although it has a high negative predictive value, its optimal cut-off levels during the first few days have not been fully established. Now, researchers have investigated CRP’s diagnostic performance to detect early-onset sepsis (EOS) in newborns. They found distinct postnatal dynamic patterns of CRP levels across gestational age groups, which limit its diagnostic accuracy in term infants but may offer useful insights into sepsis risk in preterm babies.

The growing complexity of wastewater treatment models often makes it difficult for researchers, engineers, and students to develop, validate, and apply these essential tools. To bridge this gap, a team from China has developed the Simplified Intelligent Modelling Platform Online (SIMPO), a free, open-source, cloud-native platform. SIMPO eliminates the need for coding through an intuitive drag-and-drop interface, integrates automatic error correction mechanisms and powerful simulation algorithms, and promotes collaboration through open sharing of models and data. By making advanced modelling accessible, SIMPO accelerates research, enhances engineering design, and supports education, directly contributing to UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation).

Thin-walled parts are vital in aerospace and high-performance manufacturing, but their weak stiffness makes them prone to damaging vibrations during milling.

A new review highlights the latest strategies for suppressing chatter vibrations, including passive, active, and semi-active techniques. It brings together progress from materials science, mechanical engineering, control systems, and digital manufacturing, while also outlining what is still needed to achieve stable, efficient, and high-quality machining in real industrial settings.

As global temperatures climb, a critical but often-overlooked component of our ecosystems is stepping into the spotlight: dissolved organic matter, or DOM. Found everywhere from river water to forest soils, DOM acts as a powerful mover of carbon, nutrients, and pollutants. A new review led by scientists from Kunming University of Science & Technology and international partners finds DOM to be both a buffer and a potential accelerator of climate change, playing a surprisingly complex role in the planet’s environmental balance.