This review explores how NK cell senescence impacts cancer immunotherapy, highlighting key biomarkers like CD57 and reduced cytotoxicity. It reveals how the tumor microenvironment accelerates NK cell aging through chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive cells. The study also discusses strategies to delay senescence, such as cytokine modulation and gene editing, to enhance NK cell-based therapies. These findings offer new insights for improving cancer treatment outcomes by targeting senescent NK cells.

This review critically assesses the influence of intratumoral microbial metabolites on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapy, which are comprehensively examined in regulating immune responses and tumor progression. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of these metabolites to augment the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies, with particular emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors.

In the tumor microenvironment (TME), B cells' anti-tumor and tumor-promoting functions have drawn a lot of interest lately. One of the mainstays of cancer treatment, chemotherapy affects the function and proliferation of several B-cell subsets as well as how they interact with the TME. Targeting B cells or the cells that surround them may improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy by altering B-cell function, offering a viable direction for further research into tumor therapies.

Researchers integrated machine learning with multi-tiered validation to identify FDA-approved non-lipid-lowering drugs with lipid-modifying potential. From 3,430 drugs screened, 29 candidates emerged. Clinical data and mouse studies confirmed four drugs significantly improved lipid profiles. Molecular docking revealed novel binding mechanisms to targets. This approach accelerates drug repurposing, offering new options for hyperlipidemia patients unresponsive to conventional therapies.

Second primary cancers (SPCs) are a major cause of death among cancer survivors. This review highlights recent advances in understanding SPC mechanisms, including genomic changes, stromal cell alterations, hormone signaling, immunosuppression, and gene methylation. It also explores emerging tools such as intratumoral microbes, single-cell multi-omics, and metabolomics, offering new directions for future research.