An electron-donor/electron-acceptor (EDG/EWG) ratio-guided molecular engineering strategy is established to optimize the buried interface of n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The EDG-rich dipolar molecule L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DBA) delivers superior passivation effects, enabling high power conversion efficiency together with good stability. This work identifies that passivating the perovskite side is more critical than the electron selective layer (ESL) side for achieving high-performance PSCs.

A new study published in Microbiome Research Reports shows that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be stratified into distinct gut microbiome “cluster types” associated with differences in disease severity and progression risk. Rather than individual bacterial taxa, the study highlights community-level microbial structures as more robust indicators of disease heterogeneity. These microbiome-derived clusters were independent of traditional clinical classifications such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, suggesting that gut ecosystem organization may offer complementary insights for disease assessment and future precision medicine.

A novel mechanism based on Sanguinarine (SAG) targeting the chaperone protein BiP to synchronously trigger apoptosis and ferroptosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is provided, and a new strategy for treating this aggressive cancer via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) is opened.

Researchers have developed a Pt–CuO_x interfacial catalyst that enables near-quantitative conversion of biomass-derived HMF into FDCA at low voltage (0.75 V), significantly reducing energy consumption while achieving 99.1% selectivity and long-term stability.

A novel mechanism based on targeting MARK2 to destabilize mutant p53 (mutp53) and suppress triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression, independent of its kinase activity, is provided, and a new strategy for treating mutTP53-driven TNBC is opened.

A new mechanism based on the natural compound chipericumin D from Hypericum monogynum to inhibit osteogenic differentiation in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) by directly targeting EGFR and suppressing the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is provided, and a new strategy for CAVD drug therapy is opened.

Substrate inhibition is a longstanding bottleneck in microbial fermentation, particularly in lactic acid bacteria, where excessive substrate concentrations can paradoxically suppress growth and product formation. Conventional models, such as Haldane type formulations, are widely used but remain largely phenomenological, limiting their interpretability and predictive power for process optimization. Bridging this gap requires models that not only fit experimental data but also capture the underlying biological mechanisms.

Researchers at Nanjing University developed platinum(IV)-antibody conjugates that enhance tumor immunogenicity without relying on strong cancer cell killing. The targeted system delivers low-dose platinum selectively to tumors, increasing MHC-I expression and improving immune recognition while reducing systemic toxicity. In mouse models, the strategy significantly enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Wearable smart sensors for monitoring human motion have emerged as an active area of research due to their potential applications in healthcare, sports performance, and human–machine interaction. These devices must not only provide accurate sensing capabilities but also be flexible, portable, and comfortable to integrate seamlessly into daily life. Conventional textiles, while widely used, are no longer sufficient to meet the functional demands of contemporary users. As a result, the textile industry is evolving toward functionalization and intelligence, with smart fabrics gaining increasing attention.