Even after receiving guideline‑directed treatment for acute coronary syndrome, many patients face persistent residual cardiovascular risk and repeated ischemic events. This narrative review published in Cardiology Discovery synthesizes recent clinical evidence to build a practical management framework for clinicians caring for acute coronary syndrome survivors. The authors organize residual risks into non-culprit lesion instability, lipid‑related, inflammatory, thrombotic and modifiable lifestyle‑driven categories, and summarize available pharmacologic and non‑pharmacologic interventions for each risk domain. The work supports personalized risk assessment to guide tailored secondary prevention plans. As a narrative review, it does not generate original clinical trial data and requires real‑world studies to validate the proposed clinical workflows.

Understanding electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) mechanisms requires precise identification of key intermediates (H*, OH*, and H₂O*). While in situ single-crystal studies have provided foundational mechanistic insights into interfacial dynamics and intermediate behavior during the HER, extending these findings to structurally complex nano-catalysts remains challenging. Recent advances in in situ characterization techniques have enabled real-time observation of reaction intermediates, yet a systematic understanding across diverse catalyst architectures remains incomplete. This review assesses HER intermediate research, bridging the gap from model single-crystals to nano-catalysts by: (i) discussing methods for intermediate identification and their roles in elucidating HER mechanisms, (ii) summarizing single-crystal surface modification strategies bridging single-crystal model and nano-catalyst studies, and (iii) highlighting current challenges and proposing future directions for catalyst design and intermediate characterization, offering valuable perspectives for developing advanced HER electrocatalysts.

Coronary artery disease remains the top global cause of death, yet standard angiography cannot visualize dangerous artery plaque, creating gaps for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. This narrative review synthesizes 10 years of human studies, clinical trials and consensus documents covering established and emerging intravascular imaging plus computational tools. Hybrid catheter systems have completed first‑in‑human testing, while artificial‑intelligence plaque analysis delivers diagnostic accuracy comparable to expert readers. These technologies enable combined anatomical, compositional and functional vessel assessment, though broad clinical roll‑out still requires standardized validation and streamlined workflow integration.