Preclinical studies indicate that cavity-resident macrophages in the peritoneal and pleural spaces contribute to immunosuppression and cancer progression. While these macrophages typically accumulate on organ surfaces rather than deeply infiltrating into tissues, their behavior and function in tumors remains unclear.

Chronic cerebral arterial occlusion and moyamoya disease are significant causes of stroke, particularly in regions where advanced diagnostic tools are limited. This study from Rajavithi Hospital assessed a simple bypass protocol that uses mean transit time to identify candidates for single-barrel bypass surgery. Thirty patients were evaluated, and 80 percent showed postoperative improvement with high graft patency and minimal complications. The findings support mean transit time as an effective non-stress method for guiding surgical decision-making.

Hypertrophic chondrocytes are deeply involved in the growth of mammalian bones. Researchers find that these cells transform into multiple functional cell types, including those responsible for lengthening bones, maintaining the periosteum, and promoting the invasion of blood vessels that supply newly formed bone. Thrombospondin-4, a key signaling molecule produced by these cells, drives blood vessel formation. These findings open new avenues for enhancing bone repair and healing injured bones.

Real-time monitoring of patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) and respiratory parameters is important in patients with severe pneumonia. In a recent study, researchers have developed a “Remote Ventilate View” platform, which automatically analyzes ventilator waveforms in real-time, identifies eight PVA subtypes, and calculates the overall asynchrony index. This represents a paradigm shift from qualitative, spot-check assessments to precise quantification and longitudinal monitoring of PVA throughout the entire ventilation course.

Powdery mildew poses a major threat to black currant production, yet some cultivars naturally withstand infection far better than others. This study reveals that resistant black currants deploy a multilayered defense system involving physical structures, specialized metabolites, and the assembly of protective microbial communities on leaf surfaces. By integrating metabolomics and phyllosphere microbiome profiling, the research identifies key leaf metabolites—such as salicylic acid, trans-zeatin, and griseofulvin—that help recruit beneficial bacteria and fungi linked to disease suppression. These metabolites also directly reduce pathogen growth. Together, these processes explain how resistant cultivars mount a coordinated defense that limits pathogen invasion and maintains plant health.

Tomato fruit size, a trait that strongly influences market value and yield, is governed by intricate developmental processes. This study uncovers a previously unknown translational regulatory pathway mediated by the RNA-binding protein SlRBP1. Through fruit-specific gene manipulation, researchers show that SlRBP1 is essential for normal cell division and expansion within the tomato pericarp. The findings reveal that SlFBA7 and SlGPIMT are direct downstream gene targets whose translation is controlled by SlRBP1, and silencing either gene produces small fruits similar to SlRBP1-suppressed plants. This work highlights translational regulation as a key but underexplored mechanism for improving fruit size and overall productivity.

This study leverages advanced genomics and machine learning to refine the understanding of key fruit quality traits in peaches. Using whole-genome resequencing data from an F1 progeny of two distant peach cultivars, the researchers constructed an ultra-high-density genetic map, identifying key quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits such as fruit shape, color, and maturity. Notably, the study introduces machine learning models for more accurate phenotyping of fruit color, revealing two previously undetectable QTLs for peach flesh color variation. These innovations provide a new framework for precision breeding, enhancing peach quality and other complex traits through improved mapping and phenotyping strategies.